This will complete our course, but Integrated Science will not be finished. In particular, we will look at the forces which shape the surface of our earth as well as how the rocks which make up our immediate environment came to be formed. After we study the planets in our own solar system, we will continue to specialize our study on our own planet, the earth. So we will then study the astronomy of the universe, galaxy and solar system. Such a study of the microscopic elements of our physical reality actually brings us back the the structure of the universe as a whole as well as the nuclear processes which fuel the stars themselves. So, after our study of the basic concepts of motion, the forces which make material bodies move, the energies involved in such processes, the electromagnetic forces and light, we will study structure of the basic units of matter, the atom and the nucleus. That part of astronomy which involves an explanation of the motions of planets stars and other heavenly bodies is also called astrophysics. The separation of science into many different branches is a later development. Observational astronomy was one of the motivating factors in the earliest development of concepts of change and motion in physics and science in general, even though astronomy is an independent science in our own time. Ancient philosophers carefully observed all in the world around them, including the stars in the night skies. In physics, the phenomena, events and happenings of which our physical environment consists are logically analyzed into their most fundamental components matter and motion against the common background of space and time. Physics was the first of the sciences and is still considered the most basic of all the sciences. Science began nearly two and a half millennia ago in ancient Greece.
In this first section of the Integrated Science course, the areas of physics, astronomy and geology will be covered. The structure of the universe includes the structure of the atom, and of the particles making up the atom, and the properties of the atom, and of the particles making up the atom.ĬOURSE DESCRIPTION: This course serves as an introduction to the ideas, concepts and practices which form the basis of modern science. The order of discover is inevitable and set by the structure of the universe. The charges of particles, their mass and ability to survive outside the particles they make up, and other properties will make a particle harder or easier to discover. The order of discovery of particles is also affected by the properties of the particles. The sub atomic particles were discovered in a necessary order with the outer particles like the electron being discovered earlier, and inner particles such as quarks being discovered later. This led to the idea there was a separate atom for each element which explained the differences between the elements. The traditional view of the elements could be obtained by naked eye observation, and the view of nature as being made up of the chemical elements in the periodic table was next discovered, as it involved the decomposition of traditional elements, such as air and water. This was because nature has a particular structure and we have a particular place in nature. The order of discovery of these ideas of the ultimate constituents of matter was necessary, in that they could not have been discovered in any other order. The change from the traditional Western and Chinese view of the elements involving materials such as water, air, earth, wood, metal and fire, to the chemical elements making up the periodic table, to atoms, to particles such as protons, neutrons and electrons, and then to quarks was inevitable.
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